XSL - On the Client

If your browser supports XML, XSL can be used to transform the document to XHTML in your browser.

A JavaScript Solution

In the previous chapter we explained how XSL can be used to transform a document from XML to XHTML. We added an XSL style sheet to the XML file and let the browser do the transformation.

Even if this works fine, it is not always desirable to include a style sheet reference in an XML file (i.e. it will not work in a non XSL aware browser.)

A more versatile solution would be to use a JavaScript to do the XML to XHTML transformation.

By using JavaScript, we can:

do browser-specific testing
use different style sheets according to browser and user needs

That's the beauty of XSL! One of the design goals for XSL was to make it possible to transform data from one format to another, supporting different browsers and different user needs.

XSL transformation on the client side is bound to be a major part of the browsers work tasks in the future, as we will see a growth in the specialized browser market (Braille, aural browsers, Web printers, handheld devices, etc.)

The XML file and the XSL file

Take a new look at the XML document that you saw in the previous chapters:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<catalog>
  <cd>
    <title>Empire Burlesque</title>
    <artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
    <country>USA</country>
    <company>Columbia</company>
    <price>10.90</price>
    <year>1985</year>
  </cd>
.
.
.
</catalog>

If you have Netscape 6 or IE 5 or higher you can view the XML file.

And the accompanying XSL style sheet:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

<xsl:template match="/">
  <html>
  <body>
    <h2>My CD Collection</h2> 
    <table border="1">
      <tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
        <th align="left">Title</th> 
        <th align="left">Artist</th> 
      </tr>
      <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
      <tr>
        <td><xsl:value-of select="title" /></td>
        <td><xsl:value-of select="artist" /></td>
      </tr>
      </xsl:for-each>
  </table>
  </body>
  </html>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

If you have Netscape 6 or IE 5 or higher you can view the XSL file.

Note: Be sure to notice that the XML file does not have a reference to the XSL file.

IMPORTANT: The above sentence indicates that an XML file could be transformed using many different XSL files.

Transforming XML to XHTML in Your Browser

Here is the source code needed to transform the XML file to XHTML on the client:

<html>
<body>

<script type="text/javascript">

// Load XML 
var xml = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM")
xml.async = false
xml.load("cdcatalog.xml")

// Load XSL
var xsl = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM")
xsl.async = false
xsl.load("cdcatalog.xsl")

// Transform
document.write(xml.transformNode(xsl))

</script>

</body>
</html>

Tip: If you don't know how to write JavaScript, you can study our JavaScript tutorial.

The first block of code creates an instance of the Microsoft XML parser (XMLDOM), and loads the XML document into memory. The second block of code creates another instance of the parser and loads the XSL document into memory. The last line of code transforms the XML document using the XSL document, and writes the result to the XHTML document. Nice!

If you have IE 6.0: See how it works.

If you have IE 5.0: See how it works.

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