Word

Example sentence

Arabic

alloy (n)

We make alloys with it though, like nickel cobalt molybdenum. p.127

خلط مَعْدني

artificial (adj)

What kinds of materials do they use to make body implants, like artificial hips and knees? p.129

إصطناعي

atom (n)

But in the future, we'll be able to work on a smaller scale and build things atom by atom. p.94

ذرَّة

bend (v)

You can bend it lots of times and it doesn't break. p.127

يطوي

bone (n)

MEDICINE Doctors will be able to replace broken  human bones with artificial bones made with nanotechnology. p.94

عظكة

boots (n pl)

When you go to work on a project in Finland, should you take a pair of rubber boots or a pair of leather mountain boots? p.97

جزمة

canvas (n)

When you go on a project in Africa, should you take a canvas or synthetic tent? p.97

خَيش . خنفاص

cardboard (n)

A container like a box, is often made of cardboard or metal, and often contains matches, tools, controls, or tissues. p.73

كرتون

corrode (v)

XXX(water) makes many metals rust and corrode.p.100

تآكل

corrosion (n)

It's not resistant to corrosion? p.126

تأكل

cotton (n/adj)

If you were going on a project in Finland, should you take cotton or woolen vests? p.93

قطن

electrical conductor (n)

Which materials in 5 are good electrical conductors? p.93

موصلات كهربائية

feather (n)

You are going to work on a project in Finland.  Should you take a synthetic sleeping bag or a sleeping bag filled with very soft feathers? p.93

ريشة

firm (adj)

The meaning of “soft” is:  not hard or firm. p.92

صلب

foam rubber (n)

Brainstorm things that can be made of foam rubber—cushions, car seats, mattresses. p.92

مطاط اسفنجي

forecast (v)

Is it possible to invent a way to forecast next month's weather with 99 per cent accuracy? p.95 a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is

تنبأ بالطقص

fur (n)

For Finland, should you take leather gloves with fur lining or synthetic ski

gloves? p.93

فروُ ج فِراء

glass (n)

A container like a bottle, is made of glass or plastic and can contain wine or water. p.73

زجتج

gloves (n pl)

For Finland, should you take leather gloves with fur lining or synthetic ski

gloves? p.93

قٌفَّاز ج قُفَّازات

gold (n)

Carbon graphite, water, protein, DNA, wood, silver, and gold are all diamagnetic. This means a magnet repels them. p.97

ذهب

hip (body) (n)

What kinds of materials do they use to make body implants, like artificial hips and knees? Listen and find out. p.92

وَرَك ج اوراك

knee (n)

What kinds of materials do they use to make body implants, like artificial hips and knees? Listen and find out. p.92

ركبة ج رُكَب

lead (metal) (n)

For Finland, should you take a torch with a supply of lead batteries or a torch

with a supply of nickel-cadmium batteries? p.93

معدن الرصاص

leather (n)

For Finland, should you take leather gloves with fur lining or synthetic ski gloves? p.93

جلد

lightweight (adj)

CARS Manufacturers will be able to construct cars out of  lightweight materials that are 50 times  stronger than steel. p.94

خفيف الوزن

lining (of clothes) (n)

For Finland, should you take leather gloves with fur lining or synthetic ski gloves? p.93

بطانة الثوب

matches (n pl)

For Finland, should you take wax-coated waterproof matches or a refillable, plastic lighter? p.93

عود كبريت

maybe (adv)

Degrees of certainty from “impossible” to “possible:” a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is. p.95

من المحتمل

motorbike (n)

For Africa, should you take a convertible sports car with a soft PVC roof that

you can roll down or a motorbike? p.93

دراجة نارية

natural (adj)

Which material is 5 are natural? p.95 leather,  paper, cardboard

طبيعي

nylon (n)

Brainstorm things that can be made of these materials:  nylon—ladies stockings, helmets.

نايلون

oil spill (n)

THE ENVIRONMENT We'll be able to send nanorobots up into space to rebuild the ozone layer. Other nanorobots will be able to remove  pollutants from water and clean up oil spills. p.94

تسرُّب النفط

ozone layer (n)

THE ENVIRONMENT We'll be able to send nanorobots up into space to rebuild the ozone layer. Other nanorobots will be able to remove  pollutants from water and clean up oil spills. p.94

طبقة الأوزون

paint (n)

Is it possible to invent these things-- white paint that stays white and doesn't

darken with age?  How certain are you? a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is. p.95

بوية

paper (n)

Is the paper tray full? B Yes.  A Have you checked the connections? B Yes. A Is it plugged in? B Yes. A Is it switched on? p.121

ورقة

plastic (n)

OK. Now, these are steel. Is it possible to make them in plastic? OK. Now, these are steel. Is it possible to make

them in plastic? p.127

بلاستك

plate (for eating) (n)

For Finland, should you take tin or ceramic plates? p.93

طبق ج اطباق

possibly (adv)

What degree of certainty do these expressions indicate? Are they a, b, c, d, or e? Probably 2 Not a hope 3 Possibly 4 I don't think so 5 Yes, we've done it before. a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is. p.95

ربما

probably (adv)

What degree of certainty do these expressions indicate? Are they a, b, c, d, or e? Probably 2 Not a hope 3 Possibly 4 I don't think so 5 Yes, we've done it before. a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is. p.95

على الأرجح

resist (v)

The materials used to build cars will be able to resist scratches, dents, and rust. p.94

يقاوك

revolution (n)

We're at the start of a technological revolution and nanotechnology will affect every part of our lives - cars, computers, medicine, energy supplies, food, buildings, clothes. p.94

ثورة

rubber (n)

If you drop a rubber ball, it bounces. p.100

مطاط

sand (n)

A container like a sack is often made of polythene or canvas and often contains sand or cement. p.73

رمل

send (v)

COMPUTERS We'll be able to send  trillions of bytes of information in a structure the size of a sugar cube. p.94

يرسل

shovel (n)

For Finland should you take a plastic or a steel snow shovel? p.93

جاروف . مِجْراف

silk (n)

For Africa should you take silk or synthetic shirts? p.93

حرير

skis (n pl)

For Finland, should you take wooden or plastic skis? p.93

مِزْلاقة ج مِزْلاقات .زحافات

sleeping bag (n)

You are going to work on a project in Finland.  Should you take a synthetic sleeping bag or a sleeping bag filled with very soft feathers? p.93

كيس نوم

smart (intelligent) (adj)

We'll be able to make all kinds of things smaller, lighter, cheaper, stronger, and smarter. p.93

ذكي

snow (n)

For Finland, should you take sunglasses with polarized lenses or plastic snow

goggles? p.93

تلج . جليد

soft (adj)

You are going to work on a project in Finland.  Should you take a synthetic sleeping bag or a sleeping bag filled with very soft feathers? p.93

ياعم

space (universe) (n)

THE ENVIRONMENT We'll be able to send nanorobots up into space to rebuild the ozone layer. Other nanorobots will be able to remove  pollutants from water and clean up oil spills. p.94

الفضاء

straw (n)

For Africa, should you take a straw sun hat or a cotton baseball cap? p.93

قش

strong (adj)

Today scientists can build nanowires – extremely strong tubes that are just four atoms wide. p.94

قوي

structure (n)

COMPUTERS We'll be able to store trillions of  bytes of information in a structure the size of a sugar cube. p.94

هيكل

sugar cube (n)

COMPUTERS We'll be able to store trillions of  bytes of information in a structure the size of a sugar cube. p.94

مكعب سكر

sunglasses (n pl)

For Finland, should you take sunglasses with polarized lenses or plastic snow

goggles? p.93

نظارات شمسية

sunhat (n)

Keep cool on hot days by wearing this sunhat. Its solar cells power a small radiator at the fron t. p.53

قبعة شمس

synthetic (adj)

For Africa, should you take silk or synthetic shirts? –a canvas or synthetic tent? p.93

أصطنائي

technological (adj)

We're at the start of a technological revolution and nanotechnology will affect every part of our lives - cars, computers, medicine, energy supplies, food, buildings, clothes. p.94

تكنولوجي

tin (material) (n)

قصدير

translate (v)

What degree of certainty do these expressions indicate? Are they a, b, c, d, or e?--a device that translates what you say in your language and immediately says it in English. a It can't be done b Probably not c Maybe d I think so e I'm sure it is. p.95

يترجم

transparent (adj)

Which materials in 5 are transparent? The glass bottle. p.93

شفاف

underwear (n)

For Africa, should you take polyester or cotton underwear? p.93

ملابس داخلية

waterproof (adj)

For Finland, should you take wax-coated waterproof matches or a refillable, plastic lighter? p.93

صامد ضد الماء

weakened (adj)

Corroded means: “weakened or destroyed by chemical action, for example, rusty.” p.92

مضعوف . ضعيف

window (n)

Which materials are most practical for making windows? p.93

طاقة . نافذة

wool (n)

Brainstorm things that can be made of wool.—jumpers, sweaters, gloves. p.92

صوف

Useful phrases

I (don’t) think so.

What degree of certainty do these expressions indicate:  I don’t think so. p.95

لا اظن كذلك

I’m sure it is.

I’m sure it is. p.95

متأكد إنه كذلك

It can’t be done.

It can’t be done. p.95

لا يمكن أن يكون مفعول

Not a hope.

Not a hope. p.95

لا يوجد حتى امل صغير

Probably not.

Probably not. p.95

ربما لا

to break under stress

They mustn't break under stress. p.126

إنكسر في شِدَّة

What’s it made of?

Title of Unit 20

من اي شيء صُنِع

Yes, we’ve done it before.

Yes, we’ve done it before. p.95

نعم عملنا هذا من قبل