accuracy (n)

They cut 100 metres a day with astonishing accuracy -a tolerance of just 25 millimetres. p.19

دقة

accurately (adv)

accurate(adj) TT 1 Business and Commerce He gave his boss an accurate summary of the company’s sales.

accuracy (n)TT 1 Business and Commerce It’s impossible to predict what will happen with 100% accuracy.

p.19 How is it possible for the tunnel-boring machines to work so accurately?

TT 1 Business and Commerce Many economists had accurately predicted the recession.

precisely

imprecisely

roughly

inaccurately

بصورة مضبوطة او دقيقة . تماماً

allowed to (col.)

p.20 An arch bridge or a suspension bridge could would be best to link a number of islands in a shallow sea, where shipping must be allowed to pass.

TTelem 11 Communication The fire regulations specify the maximum number of people allowed in.

سُمِح لها بَالمرور (مثلاً)

cable (n)

p.17 Suspension bridges have a deck supported from overhead cables.  These cables, supported by twin towers, require strong anchor points at each end to resist the inward tension of the cables.

حبل = حبل غليظ

compression (n)

Microsoft Encarta 2006 “Compression is the decrease in volume that results from the application of pressure.”

ضُغْط . تغايُط . انضغاط

consists of (col.)

consists in TTelem 6 Lifestyle The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.

p.18  The first part of the project consists of two parallel tunnels from St Pancras station to the River Thames .

تركَّب (او) تألف من

distortion (n)

to distort(v) عوّج Mubni al-Kabir “The voice in the recording is distorted.”

مُعَوَّج

p.17 The deck is strengthened to control distortion by moving loads or high winds.

TT 11 Language and Communication You have taken my words out of context. What you wrote was a distortion of my comments.

تعْويج

expansion (n)

p.18 The expansion of roads in the 20^th century lead to the use of concrete bridges.

TTelem 2 Science and Technology The rapid expansion of the university has caused a lot of problems.

توسيع . انْبِساط

foundations (n)

p.19  Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and dig under buildings without weakening their foundations.

اساس

in charge of (col.)

p.19 There aren't many women in my position, in charge of large gangs of men, but I don't have any problems.

مسئول . قائم بالامر

incidents (n)

p.19  There are always dangers in tunnel construction, but we had only two serious incidents -a truck fire that destroyed much of the concrete lining in one area and a collapse where several gardens in east London disappeared into the tunnel.

TT 6 Lifestyle There were a number of incidents after the football match.

(أمر) يُتعَرَّض له . واقعة . حادث

lining (n)

p.19  There are always dangers in tunnel construction, but we had only two serious incidents -a truck fire that destroyed much of the concrete lining in one area and a collapse where several gardens in east London disappeared into the tunnel.

بطانة (الثوب) وهي خِلاف الظهارة

pier (n)

The box girder deck is supported by super-strong cables tied to tall piers. p.17

رصيف او عمود طويل

ممتد في البحر

pivot (v)

p.20 The London Tower Bridge pivots up from both sides.

يتوازن ار يدور حول نقطة الارتكاب

project (n)

What does it mean if a project is commercially viable?p.28

مشروع

reach (v)

p.19 lt makes it possible to reach Paris in two and a quarter hours.

TTelem Language and Communication The talks ended inconclusively and no agreement was reached.

We tried to reach an agreement last night, but the issue is still unresolved. توصل الى اتفاق

وصل الى . توصل الى

refuse (n)

Refuse (v) TTelem Crime and Society After the fire, the insurance company refused to pay out because the restaurant had no smoke

detector.

p.18 Machinery at the rear removes the refuse.

زُبالة

reinforced (adj)

p.17  Originally built in stone and later brick, they are now built in reinforced concrete or steel.

TTelem Environment Concrete can be reinforced with steel bars.

مُقَوى

reinforced concrete (n)

p.17  Originally built in stone and later brick, they are now built in reinforced concrete or steel.

خرسانة مسلحة

rotating (adj)

p.18 A rotating cutterhead at the front cuts the rock.

دائِر

segments (n)

p.18 It places concrete segments in the right position to form the ring.

نِطاق (او قُطعة) دائرة إذا قثتِعَط بخط مستقيم

sewer (n)

Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and dig under buildings without weakening their foundations. p.19

انبوب لمياح المجاري

shear (n)

The truss resists tensions, compression and shear. p.16

مجزّ . مقصّ

span (n)

p.20 The longest suspension bridge, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, has a central span of 1,991 metres.

expanse, length(n)

شِبْرِة الجسر .إمتداد

spillages (n)

سفك الدماء   = bloodshed

p.18  Clean up spillages.

سفْك ج اسفاك . شي مراق او مسفوك  

strengthen (v)

p.17  The deck is strengthened to control distortion by moving loads or high winds.

تَقَوَّى . قَوّى

suffer (v)

p.19 What damage did the tunnel suffer?

TTelem Education We have no real conception of what people suffered during the war.

TT  Lifestyle She suffered terrible post-natal depression following the birth of her son.

تَضَرَّر

support (v)

Support (n) p.16 The forces on the supports of these bridges act directly downwards.

TTelem 6 Lifestyle They are totally reliant on the state for financial support.

p.16 The box girder deck is supported by super-strong cables tied to taII piers.

.

أيَّدَ .يؤَيِّدُ

حَمَلَ . دَعَمَ

supported by (col.)

p.16 These cables, supported by twin towers, require strong anchor points at each end to resist the inward tension of the cables.

مؤيِّد ب . محمَّل

suspension bridge (n)

Look at the diagram and the stages 1-4 for making the towers of a suspension bridge in a river bed. p.17

جِسر معلّق

swing (v)

swing (n) TT elem 8 Home and Family The swing in the garden was secured with ropes.

swing-bridge(n) جسر مُتَحَرَك . جسر فتال (او) دوار

p.20 The Bilbao cable-stayed Bridge, in Bilbao, Spain, will swing from one side of the river to the other.

تأَرْجَح . أَرْجَح

tension (n)

p.16 There are many different types. The one shown is an arch bridge. The cable stay resists tension, compression, and shear.

شدّ

tilt (v)

p.16 The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, Newcastle, UK, tilts on a horizontal axis.

مال . مال جانباً

tolerance (n)

p.19  They cut 100 metres a day with astonishing accuracy -a tolerance of just 25 millimetres.

Mugni al-Kabir “This wooden beam has a tolerance of 0.001 inches.” فيها حُمْلان بقَدر ...

تَسامُح . احتمال (في المجتمع مثلاً)

حُمْلان = مِقدار التباين بين واقع الشيء وما يجب إن يكون عليه

weaken (v)

p.19  Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and dig under buildings without weakening their foundations.

أَدْعَفَ

weld (v)

p.18 They weld each section into place.

لَحَّمَ