Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

accumulate (v)

These imported goods are frequently over-priced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts. p.37

يجمع

acquire (v)

Large debts are acquired by countries which import goods. p.36(Fact, not speculation)

ينال . يكتسب

appear (v)

It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become wealthier. p.37

يظهر

aware (adj)

I think most people would agree that the fair trade movement is successfully making consumers more aware of how their food is produced. p.38

واعٍ . مدرك

balanced (adj)

It is important you can identify the writer's point of view. Look for the number of arguments presented. Are there:  more for or more against?  a balanced number for and against? p.38

متوازن . شامل لأراء مختلفة

caution (n)

Read part of an essay about the effects of globalization on tourism. Underline two verb phrases, one which expresses caution and one which indicates a generalization. p.39

حذر

certainty (n)

Underline the modal verbs which show uncertainty.

Complete the table with adverbs which show degrees of certainty and uncertainty. p.39

يقين

commodities (n)

Furthermore, it is the richer countries which control the price of commodities and, therefore, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at an inflated price. p.37

سِلْعة . بضاعة

concerns (n)

Sir,with reference to your recent article on fair trade, I would like to point out that although fair trade seems to be a good idea, there are problems. One of these concerns the pricing of fair trade goods. p.38

شأن . إهتمام

consumerism (n)

What do you understand by the term consumerism? –people buying things p.40

حماية المستهلِك من الغشّ و التدليس والاحتيال

contract (n)

I think we have a fair chance of getting the contract. p.42

عقد . إتفاقية

critical (adj)

Literary Criticism نقد الادبي

A writer may wish to:

support an argument

be critical of an argument

evaluate an argument critically p.38

إنتقادي

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

debate (v)

debate (n) This debate will undoubtedly continue for some time. p.37

The verb, to debate, means to discuss something in a formal way or at a public debate. p.201 Oxford Word Power

يناظر . يشترك في مناقشة

dispose of (v)

Which results are positive and which ones are negative? more waste packaging to dispose of p.40

يتخلص من

distinguishing (adj)

STUDY SKILL Distinguishing between facts, speculation, and reported opinions. p.36

يميَّز . يفرَّق

doubt (n)

Although there is little doubt that the global economy has grown enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this growth has only benefitted certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result. p.37

يشك في

ethical (adj)

ethics (n) علم الإخلاق

As far Iam concerned, fair trade needs to maintain strict control on the pricing policy of goods carrying its label in order to ensure that fair trade remains fair and ethical. p.38

اخلاقي

evaluate (v)

This essay will describe and evaluate the purpose of museums, r:amely to educate, research, and conserve. p.49  Purpose: Is the purpose of the essay to describe, explain, persuade, analyse, discuss, compare, or evaluate? p.48

يقيّم . يقدّر . يثمّن

exchange (v)

exchange (n) One simple definition is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. p.37

I would like to exchange this skirt for a bigger one. p.270 Oxford WordPower

يبدّل . يبادل . يتبادل

expertise (n)

These countries develop expertise and increase their share in the international market. p.37

خبرة . مهارة

exploit (v)

They can buy this food knowing that no one was exploited in its production. p.38

يستغلّ

export (v)

export (n) An increase in exports might lead to an increase in the number of jobs. p.39

What does your country export to other countries? p.36

يصدّر

express (v)

expression (n)

Use expressions such as for example, an illustration of this is ... , one example of this is ...p.40

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Expressing certainty, uncertainty, and caution  p.36

Underline two verb phrases, one which expresses caution and one which indicates a generalization.p.39

يعبّر

familiar (adj)

•

They say that, with a rising number of visitors, it is likely that there will be a rise in the demand for familiar food and in the expectation that local people will speak English. p.39

مألوف . معروف

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

gain (v)

In conclusion, although there are disadvantages to holding the Olympic Games, it is generally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. p.61

يكسب . ينال

globalization (n)

Globalization is defined in many ways. One simple definition is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. p.37

حالة من السؤٌدد للشخص (او) لدولة تسود العالم باجمعه

impact (n)

It is my opinion that we need to wait a little longer before we

truly understand the overall impact of the fair trade movement. p.38

وقْعة . تأثير

import (v)

Countries which produce coffee import the packaging. p.36

يستورد

income (n)

Average income in China has increased in the last 20 years. p.36

دخل

inflated (adj)

Furthermore, it is the richer countries which control the price of commodities and, therefore, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at an inflated price. p.37

قابل للنفخ

minority (n)

They are 'average' figures, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a slight improvement. p.37

 الاقلية

objective (n)

objective (adj) Which letter is more objective? p.38 موضوعي غير متحيز

Our objective is to finish by the end of the year. p530 Oxford Word Power

هدف . غاية

reduction (n)

A reduction in the cost of flying has led to a significant increase in international tourism. p.37

تخفيض

remote (adj)

As globalization increases, the differences between countries disappear. As a result, an increasing number of people are choosing to take holidays in more remote places which are less affected by this. p.39

منعزل . بعيد

vary (v)

varying , various (adj) adverbs and adjectives to show varying degrees of certainty. e.g. probably, possibly, likely, unlikely  p.36

The price of  hotel rooms varies from $100 to $200 depending on the time of the year. p.845 Oxford Word Power

يتراوح . يختلف