|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
advanced (adj)
|
|
|
Ten of these patients were in
the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the
disease. p.14 |
|
|
متقدم |
|
affected by (v)
|
|
|
Which people are most
affected by AMD?(Age-Related Macular Degeneration) –older people.
p.19 |
|
|
يتأثر
ب |
|
alternative (adj)
|
|
|
Doctors have used alternative
therapies for many years. Alternative therapies have been used by
doctors for many years. p.15 |
|
|
بديل |
|
beneficial (adj)
|
|
|
A short ten-minute walk every
day can be beneficial to your health. p.15 |
|
|
مفيد
. يسدي فائدة |
|
concern (n)
|
|
|
There is also growing concern
over the number of young people who suffer from weight problems. p.16 |
|
|
شأن
اهتمام . إنشِغال |
|
condition (n)
|
|
|
It is not a painful condition,
but it does become worse with age. p.19 |
|
|
حالة |
|
conduct (v)
|
|
|
(synonyms)
A group of US researchers
has carried out trials on a new vaccine.
A group of US scientists has
conducted tests on a new vaccine.p.15 |
carry out, guide, undertake, engineer |
|
يقوم
ب. يقود |
|
detail (n)
|
|
|
Scientists use radiation to investigate details of tiny structures.
Scientists use radiation to
study details of very small structures. p.15 |
|
|
تفصيل |
|
develop (v)
|
|
|
Pharmaceutical companies are constantly developing new drugs.
New drugs are constantly
being developed by pharmaceutical companies. p.15 |
|
|
يتطور
|
|
directly (adv)
|
|
|
Do not copy directly from a text, but rephrase by changing:
*the vocabulary (using synonyms or phrases with a similar meaning)
*the sentence structure and grammar . p.14
|
|
تلمنحاً . غير مباسرةً indirectly |
مباشَرَةً |
|
effect (n)
|
|
|
The effects of the
electrical charge are very slow. p.17 |
|
|
أثر .
تأثير |
|
effective (adj)
|
|
|
A group of US researchers has carried out trials of a new vaccine which
is effective against lung cancer. p.14
|
|
|
فعّال
. مؤثَّر |
|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
encouraging (adj)
|
encourage (v)
شجَّع |
encouraging results |
Researchers have reported
encouraging findings from this small study. p.14 |
promising |
discouraging
unpromising |
باعِث
على الاصل .
يدعو
الى التفاؤل .
مشَجَّع |
|
evidence (n)
|
evidently=apparently
من ما يلاحظ أن |
conclusive evidence, (antonym=circumstantial evidence)
factual evidence
وقائع
|
The study has brought together
musicians, health workers. and researchers to find evidence of
the beneficial effects music has on health. p.12 |
Facts about, data about, proof |
untruths about |
دليل
. بيَّنة .
برهان |
|
explain (v)
|
|
|
The researchers in Scotland have
now confirmed his observations and explained the process behind
it. p.16 |
|
|
يشرح
. يفسِّر |
|
finding (n)
|
find(n) an archaeological discovery |
Factual findings, factual evidence |
Researchers have reported
encouraging findings from this small study. p.14 |
discoveries |
|
نتائج
بحث .
وقائع |
|
focus (n)
|
|
|
Focus
on Health(heading) p.16
|
|
|
بؤرة
. محرق |
|
guideline (n)
|
|
|
It is easy to follow these guidelines by having fruit juice for
breakfast and vegetables with your main course at lunch, followed by a
piece of fruit for dessert. p.16
|
|
|
دليل
. نسيحة |
|
harmful (adj)
|
To harm=to injure |
harmful side effects |
It stimulates the body's immune system, which
then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks
and destroys them. p.14 |
|
|
مضر |
|
innovation (n)
|
|
|
Innovations
in health and medicine – Title of Unit 2
|
|
|
إبتكار .
إخنراح |
|
investigate (v)
|
|
|
a Scientists use radiation to
investigate details of tiny structures. b Scientists use radiation
to study details of very small structures. p.15
|
|
|
يكشف
.
يحقق
|
|
lack of (v)
|
|
|
This is in part due to an
unhealthy diet, but also to
lack
of
exercise. p.16 |
|
|
نقص
في |
|
monitor (v)
|
|
|
They were injected with the
vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully
monitored for three years.
p.14 |
|
|
يراقب |
|
participate (v)
|
|
|
About forty people
participated in the study. p.14 |
|
|
يشترك
.
يشارك |
|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
portion (n)
|
|
|
We should all eat five
portions of fruit and vegetables a day, according to nutritionists.
p.16 |
|
|
جزء .
كمية
من الطعام
لشخص
واحد |
|
predict (v)
|
Predicate(n gram) |
good predictor |
Use the
key words
in
the
box to
predict
what each paragraph is
about. Use a dictionary if
necessary. p.14 |
foresee, anticipate, guess |
Not predict, not foresee, not anticipate, not guess |
يتنبأ
. يتوقَّع |
|
pretend (v)
|
|
|
Plagiarism is copying someone's
work, or using someone's ideas and pretending they are your own.
p.14 |
act falsely (v)
say as if(v) |
say honestly |
يتظاهر . يدعي .
يساوي
كإنه .
يتخايل له أن .... |
|
process (n)
|
|
|
As a result, the healing process is accelerated.
As a result, the healing process
is accelerated. p.17 |
|
|
عملية |
|
promising (adj)
|
|
|
A new experimental vaccine has
shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. p.14 |
|
|
ذو
مستقبل باهر |
|
protect (v)
|
|
|
Brightly-coloured vegetables can
help protect your sight. p.19 |
|
|
يحمي |
|
provide (v)
|
|
|
The government provided
the funding for the study. p.15 |
|
|
يوفّر |
|
recommend (v)
|
|
|
Previously
the treatment for back pain was bed rest, but these
days many doctors recommend light exercise. p.17 |
|
|
ينصح |
|
substance (n)
|
|
|
Vegetables
such as peas, broccoli, and carrots
contain
substances
which are important in the protection of our eyesight. p.19 |
|
|
مادة
|
|
suffer from (v)
|
|
|
Many
people suffer from back pain.
p.16 |
|
|
يعاني
. يؤلم |
|
suggest (v)
|
|
|
It has
been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate
the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles and limbs.
p.13 |
|
|
يقترح |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
