|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
certainly (adv)
|
|
|
You will certainly be
given long lists of books that are required reading for your course, as
well as a list of essays and other course assignments. p.11 |
|
certainly not |
لا بد أن... . لا محالة منه . بالتأكيد |
|
commitment (n)
|
|
A firm commitment |
This kind of detailed,
planned target is more effective than a vague commitment. p.5 |
|
|
عهد ج
عهود . تعهد . إلتزام |
|
compare (v)
|
|
|
In your own studies, in
which of the six areas in the article could you improve? How? Compare
your answers with a partner. p.5 |
|
|
يقارن |
|
comprehensive (adj)
|
|
comprehensive exam |
Most students go to large comprehensive
schools which teach children of varying abilities. p.6 |
|
|
شامل |
|
compulsory (adj)
|
تجنيد إجباري compulsory recruitment |
compulsory ecucation |
English children start compulsory school at
the age of 5 and continue until they are 16. p.9 |
|
voluntary |
أضطراري . إجباري |
|
consist (v)
|
|
|
This masters degree consists of six modules. p10 |
|
|
يتركَّب من . يتألَّف من |
|
contrast (v)
|
|
a compare and contrast essay |
LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Comparing and contrasting. p.7 |
|
|
يقارن
. يطابق بين |
|
crucial (adj)
|
|
|
There are six areas which are
crucial to developing good study habits. p.5 Crucial is an
adjective which means “extremely important.” p.4 |
|
|
هام
جداً . حاسم |
|
definite (adj)
|
|
اداة
التعريف the definite article |
Vague is an adjective meaning not clear or not definite. p.4 |
|
Indefinite, absolutely not |
قطْعي
. مُؤَكًد
|
|
delay (v)
|
|
a delay tactic, a delaying tactic(football) |
To put off means to delay doing something. p.4 |
|
|
يباطِؤ . يؤَخَّر |
|
differ (v)
|
|
|
The education systems in Wales,
Northern Ireland, and
England are similar, whereas the education system in Scotland differs
in a number of ways. p.6
|
|
is similar |
يباينه . يختلف عن |
|
effective (adj)
|
|
|
Choose what to read, and how
to read it to become an effective reader.
p.4 Effective is an adjective meaning “producing a successful
result.” p.4 |
|
ineffective |
جَمْ
الأثَرْ . مؤأثر . فعال |
|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
encourage (v)
|
|
|
An incentive is a noun that means “something that encourages
you.” p.4 |
|
Discourage
يشجعه ان لا يفعل |
يشجّع |
|
expect (v)
|
|
Charles Dickens, Great Expectations
|
Students are expected
to hand in their work on time. p.10 |
|
|
يتوقع |
|
immediately (adv)
|
|
|
When the teacher uses a new
word, do you want to see it written immediately? p.5 |
|
|
فوراً |
|
improve (v)
|
|
|
In your own
studies, in which of the six areas in the article could you improve?
How? Compare your answers with a partner. p.5 |
|
|
يتحسن
. يحسن |
|
incentive (n)
|
|
|
It is
sometimes helpful to tell your friends about your plan. This is a good
incentive to keep you on target because they will know if you fail!
p.5
|
|
disincentive |
حافِز
. دافِع .
جائزة تسجيعية |
|
intensive (adj)
|
|
an intensive, one-month, course |
You will
often need to understand the details in a text. This is intensive
reading. p.5
|
|
normal |
مركز
. مكثف .
شديد
. قوي |
|
manageable (adj)
|
|
|
…approach each question
separately. This makes the work more manageable. p.5
|
|
|
(حجم)
معقول . سهل القياد |
|
memorize (v)
|
|
|
If you need to memorize
something, e.g. a formula, a quotation, or a poem, do you ...
A
write it out several times?
p.5
|
|
|
يفحَظ |
|
mention (v)
|
|
مذكور
. above-mentioned
سالف
الذكر |
What two rewards are
mentioned?-stopping for a cup of coffee, or to listen to music… p.5
|
|
|
يذكر
|
|
mixture (n)
|
|
|
If you scored a mixture
of As and Bs, like most people you probably learn through a mixture
of styles. p.5 |
|
|
خليط |
|
national (adj)
|
|
|
Both Sweden and France have a
compulsory national curriculum. p.7 |
|
|
قومي |
|
necessary (adj)
|
|
|
The Japanese and English
education systems are similar in that it is necessary to take an
exam to enter university however, p.9 |
|
|
ضروري
. لازم |
|
Word |
Word Family |
Collocations |
Example sentence |
Synonyms |
Antonyms |
Other |
|
occur (v)
|
|
|
Underline words and phrases which occur frequently and are
important to know. p.5
|
|
|
يحدث
. يفع |
|
previous (adj)
|
|
|
Last year more students chose to
study sciences than in any previous year. p.11 |
|
|
سابق |
|
realistic (adj)
|
|
|
Always set a realistic work
target. p.5 |
|
Not realistic, fake, artificail |
واقعي |
|
relevant (adj)
|
|
|
Think
about which parts of the text are relevant.
Concentrate on parts of the text which are relevant. p.6
|
|
|
متعلق
بالموضوع |
|
remain (v)
|
|
|
Students who remain in education can
choose to continue at their
school for up to two years, or go to a special college. p.5 |
|
leave |
يبقى |
|
require (v)
|
|
|
Good results in these are required to go to
university. p.5 |
|
|
يحتاج
الى .
يتطلب |
|
significant (adj)
|
|
|
Although there are a number of
significant
differences between the
systems, both countries share a commitment to high quality education for
their young
people. p.9 |
|
insignificant |
ملحوظ
.
ذو
شأن |
|
similar (adj)
|
|
|
The Japanese and English
education systems are similar in that it is necessary to take an
exam to enter university. p.9 |
|
different |
متشابه |
|
specialize (v)
|
|
|
Wherever they study,
students specialize in three or four subjects, and there are
further exams at the
age of 17 (AS Levels) and
again at 18 (A Levels). p.6 |
|
|
يختص
|
|
specific (v)
|
|
|
Scan the text to find
specific pieces of information: p.4 |
|
|
معين
.
محدد |
|
worthwhile (adj)
|
|
|
Worthwhile
is an adjective meaning useful. p.4
It is, therefore, worthwhile spending time making notes and
organizing them in a way that suits you best. p.5 |
|
useless |
مفيد
.
مستحق
للجهد المبذول |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
