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- Introduction
- History
- Construction
- Geology & surveying
- Cooling
- Figures & statistics
- Conclusion
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- The channel tunnel is one of the Europe's biggest projects ever.
- It took almost 200 years to complete it .
- The idea was rejected by the British because of the invasion by France.
- Eurotunnel is the owner for channel tunnel and its rail way system.
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- In 1802 the idea of the tunnel was born as a horse drawn.
- In 1881 the tunneling was started from both sides using drilling
equipment.
- construction operations
began in the summer of 1928.
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- In 1972 the decision of the two governments was given to start the
construction after a long discussion and an estimation of 356 million
franks.
- In1994 the project was finished and open in business in 1995.
- It has faced a lot of financial and time problems .
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- It took 26 months.
- It consist of three interconnected tubes.
- Its length 50.45 km which has 38 under sea.
- The tunnels are 30 meter apart.
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- Surveys provide information to determine the alignment and route of the
tunnel.
- The geological investigation were carried out about the types of layers.
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- It has the world’s largest chilled-water system with 15 000 tons
of refrigeration
- Cost $200 million.
- As estimation 260 000 home
refrigerators are required for conditioning the tunnel.
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- Needed 13 000 engineers and technicians and workers.
- Its size is like 68 football fields & grater than chepos pyramid.
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- Total excavated material 525 000 y3.
- River excavated 275 000 y3.
- Concrete poured 80 000 y3.
- Reinforcing steel used 750 tons.
- Total structural steel 11 000 tons.
- Depth of mud 4 to 20 feet.
- Max depth of water 45 feet.
- length of tunnel 5160 feet.
- Cost $23 million.
- Traffic capacity per hour 2 000 vehicles.
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- I t is the largest tunnel project in history
- and the next
challenge for engineers is the cross atlantics tunnel between New York
and London.
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- http://www.bechtel.com/spchann.htm
- http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/civeng/marketing/civeng/succcha1.htm
- http://www.itc.nl/~ingeokri/newsletter/summer98/newpage1.html
- http://www.dwtunnel.com/history.html
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