Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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OUT LINES
  • Introduction
  • History
  • Construction
  • Geology & surveying
  • Cooling
  • Figures & statistics
  • Conclusion
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General Back Ground
  • The channel tunnel is one of the Europe's biggest projects ever.
  • It took almost 200 years to complete it .
  • The idea was rejected by the British because of the invasion by France.
  • Eurotunnel is the owner for channel tunnel and its rail way system.
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History
  • In 1802 the idea of the tunnel was born as a horse drawn.
  • In 1881 the tunneling was started from  both sides using drilling equipment.
  •  construction operations began in the summer of 1928.
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"In 1972 the decision of..."

  • In 1972 the decision of the two governments was given to start the construction after a long discussion and an estimation of 356 million franks.
  • In1994 the project was finished and open in business in 1995.
  • It has faced a lot of financial and time problems .
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CONSTRUCTION
  • It took 26 months.
  • It consist of three interconnected tubes.
  • Its length 50.45 km which has 38 under sea.
  • The tunnels are 30 meter apart.
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Geology & surveying
  • Surveys provide information to determine the alignment and route of the tunnel.
  • The geological investigation were carried out about the types of layers.
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cooling
  • It has the world’s largest chilled-water system with 15 000 tons of refrigeration
  • Cost $200 million.
  • As estimation  260 000 home refrigerators are required for conditioning  the tunnel.
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Figures & statistics
  • Needed 13 000 engineers and technicians and workers.
  • Its size is like 68 football fields & grater than chepos pyramid.
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"Total excavated material 525 000..."

  • Total excavated material 525 000 y3.
  • River excavated 275 000 y3.
  • Concrete poured 80 000 y3.
  • Reinforcing steel used 750 tons.
  • Total structural steel 11 000 tons.
  • Depth of mud 4 to 20 feet.
  • Max depth of water 45 feet.
  • length of tunnel 5160 feet.
  • Cost $23 million.
  • Traffic capacity per hour 2 000 vehicles.
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conclusion
  • I t is the largest tunnel project in history
  •    and the next challenge for engineers is the cross atlantics tunnel between New York and London.
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THANK YOU FOR LESTINING
  • http://www.bechtel.com/spchann.htm
  • http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/civeng/marketing/civeng/succcha1.htm
  • http://www.itc.nl/~ingeokri/newsletter/summer98/newpage1.html
  • http://www.dwtunnel.com/history.html