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Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

advanced (adj)

 

 

 

 

Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. p.14

 

 

متقدم

affected by (v)

 

 

 

 

Which people are most affected by AMD?(Age-Related Macular Degeneration) –older people. p.19

 

 

يتأثر ب

alternative (adj)

 

 

 

 

Doctors have used alternative therapies for many years. Alternative therapies have been used by doctors for many years. p.15

 

 

بديل

beneficial (adj)

 

 

 

 

A short ten-minute walk every day can be beneficial to your health. p.15

 

 

مفيد . يسدي فائدة

concern (n)

 

 

 

 

There is also growing concern over the number of young people who suffer from weight problems. p.16

 

 

شأن اهتمام . إنشِغال

condition (n)

 

 

 

 

It is not a painful condition, but it does become worse with age. p.19

 

 

حالة

conduct (v)

 

 

 

 

(synonyms)

A group of US researchers has carried out trials on a new vaccine.

A group of US scientists has conducted tests on a new vaccine.p.15

carry out, guide, undertake, engineer

 

يقوم ب. يقود

detail (n)

 

 

 

 

Scientists use radiation to investigate details of tiny structures. 

Scientists use radiation to study details of very small structures. p.15

 

 

تفصيل

develop (v)

 

 

 

 

Pharmaceutical companies are constantly developing new drugs.

New drugs are constantly being developed by pharmaceutical companies. p.15

 

 

يتطور

 

directly (adv)

 

 

 

 

Do not copy directly from a text, but rephrase by changing:

*the vocabulary (using synonyms or phrases with a similar meaning)

*the sentence structure and grammar . p.14

 

 

تلمنحاً . غير مباسرةً   indirectly

مباشَرَةً

effect (n)

 

 

 

 

The effects of the electrical charge are very slow. p.17

 

 

أثر . تأثير

effective (adj)

 

 

 

 

A group of US researchers has carried out trials of a new vaccine which is effective against lung cancer. p.14

 

 

 

فعّال . مؤثَّر

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

encouraging (adj)

 

 

encourage (v)  شجَّع

encouraging results

Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. p.14

promising

discouraging

unpromising

باعِث على الاصل .

يدعو الى التفاؤل .

مشَجَّع

evidence (n)

 

 

evidently=apparently من ما يلاحظ أن

conclusive evidence, (antonym=circumstantial evidence)

factual evidence وقائع

 

 

The study has brought together musicians, health workers. and researchers to find evidence of the beneficial effects music has on health. p.12

Facts about, data about, proof

untruths about

دليل . بيَّنة .

 برهان

explain (v)

 

 

 

 

The researchers in Scotland have now confirmed his observations and explained the process behind it. p.16

 

 

 

 

يشرح . يفسِّر

finding (n)

 

 

 find(n) an archaeological discovery

Factual findings, factual evidence

Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. p.14

discoveries

 

نتائج بحث .

وقائع

focus (n)

 

 

 

 

Focus on Health(heading) p.16

 

 

 

 

بؤرة . محرق

guideline (n)

 

 

 

 

It is easy to follow these guidelines by having fruit juice for breakfast and vegetables  with your main course at lunch, followed by a piece of fruit for dessert. p.16

 

 

 

 

دليل . نسيحة

harmful (adj)

 

 

To harm=to injure

harmful side effects

It stimulates the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them. p.14

 

 

مضر

innovation (n)

 

 

 

 

Innovations in health and medicine – Title of Unit 2

 

 

 

 

إبتكار .

إخنراح

investigate (v)

 

 

 

 

a Scientists use radiation to investigate details of tiny structures. b Scientists use radiation to study details of very small structures. p.15

 

 

 

يكشف .

يحقق

 

lack of (v)

 

 

 

 

This is in part due to an unhealthy diet, but also to lack of exercise. p.16

 

 

 

 

نقص في

monitor (v)

 

 

 

 

They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. p.14

 

 

يراقب

participate (v)

 

 

 

 

 

 

About forty people participated in the study. p.14

 

 

يشترك .

يشارك

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

portion (n)

 

 

 

 

 

 

We should all eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, according to nutritionists. p.16

 

 

جزء .

كمية من الطعام

لشخص واحد

predict (v)

 

 

Predicate(n gram)

good predictor

Use the key words in the box to predict what each paragraph is about. Use a dictionary if necessary. p.14

foresee, anticipate, guess

Not predict, not foresee, not anticipate, not guess

يتنبأ . يتوقَّع

pretend (v)

 

 

 

 

Plagiarism is copying someone's work, or using someone's ideas and pretending they are your own. p.14

act falsely (v)

say  as if(v)

say honestly

يتظاهر . يدعي .

يساوي كإنه .

يتخايل له أن ....

process (n)

 

 

 

 

 

 

As a result, the healing process is accelerated.

As a result, the healing process is accelerated. p.17

 

 

عملية

promising (adj)

 

 

 

 

 

 

A new experimental vaccine has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. p.14

 

 

ذو مستقبل باهر

protect (v)

 

 

 

 

Brightly-coloured vegetables can help protect your sight. p.19

 

 

يحمي

provide (v)

 

 

 

 

The government provided the funding for the study. p.15

 

 

يوفّر

recommend (v)

 

 

 

 

Previously the treatment for back pain was bed rest, but these days many doctors recommend light exercise. p.17

 

 

ينصح

substance (n)

 

 

 

 

Vegetables such as peas, broccoli, and carrots contain substances which are important in the protection of our eyesight. p.19

 

 

مادة

 

suffer from (v)

 

 

 

 

Many people suffer from back pain. p.16

 

 

يعاني . يؤلم

suggest (v)

 

 

 

 

It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles and limbs. p.13

 

 

يقترح