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Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

certainly (adv)

 

 

 

 

You will certainly be given long lists of books that are required reading for your course, as well as a list of essays and other course assignments. p.11

 

certainly not

لا بد أن... . لا محالة منه . بالتأكيد

commitment (n)

 

 

 

A firm commitment

This kind of detailed, planned target is more effective than a vague commitment. p.5

 

 

عهد ج عهود . تعهد . إلتزام

compare (v)

 

 

 

 

In your own studies, in which of the six areas in the article could you improve? How? Compare your answers with a partner. p.5

 

 

يقارن

comprehensive (adj)

 

 

 

comprehensive exam

Most students go to large comprehensive schools which teach children of varying abilities. p.6

 

 

شامل

compulsory (adj)

 

 

تجنيد إجباري  compulsory recruitment

compulsory ecucation

English children start compulsory school at the age of 5 and continue until they are 16. p.9

 

voluntary

أضطراري . إجباري

consist (v)

 

 

 

 

This masters degree consists of six modules. p10

 

 

يتركَّب من . يتألَّف من

contrast (v)

 

 

 

a compare and contrast essay

LANGUAGE FOR WRITING Comparing and contrasting. p.7

 

 

يقارن . يطابق بين

crucial (adj)

 

 

 

 

There are six areas which are crucial to developing good study habits. p.5 Crucial is an adjective which means “extremely important.” p.4

 

 

هام جداً . حاسم

definite (adj)

 

 

 

اداة التعريف  the definite article

Vague is an adjective meaning not clear or not definite. p.4

 

Indefinite, absolutely not

قطْعي . مُؤَكًد

 

delay (v)

 

 

 

a  delay tactic, a delaying tactic(football)

To put off means to delay doing something. p.4

 

 

يباطِؤ . يؤَخَّر

differ (v)

 

 

 

 

The education systems in Wales, Northern Ireland, and England are similar, whereas the education system in Scotland differs in a number of ways. p.6

 

 

 

 is similar

يباينه . يختلف عن

effective (adj)

 

 

 

 

Choose what to read, and how to read it to become an effective reader. p.4 Effective is an adjective meaning “producing a successful result.” p.4

 

ineffective

جَمْ الأثَرْ . مؤأثر . فعال

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

encourage (v)

 

 

 

 

An incentive is a noun that means “something that encourages you.”  p.4

 

Discourage  يشجعه ان لا يفعل

يشجّع

expect (v)

 

 

 

Charles Dickens, Great Expectations

 

 

Students are expected to hand in their work on time. p.10

 

 

يتوقع

immediately (adv)

 

 

 

 

When the teacher uses a new word, do you want to see it written immediately? p.5

 

 

 

 

فوراً

improve (v)

 

 

 

 

In your own studies, in which of the six areas in the article could you improve? How? Compare your answers with a partner. p.5

 

 

يتحسن . يحسن

incentive (n)

 

 

 

 

It is sometimes helpful to tell your friends about your plan. This is a good incentive to keep you on target because they will know if you fail! p.5

 

 

 

disincentive

حافِز . دافِع .

 جائزة تسجيعية

intensive (adj)

 

 

 

an intensive, one-month, course

You will often need to understand the details in a text. This is intensive reading. p.5

 

 

normal

مركز . مكثف .

 شديد . قوي

manageable (adj)

 

 

 

 

…approach each question separately. This makes the work more manageable. p.5

 

 

 

 

 

(حجم) معقول . سهل القياد

memorize (v)

 

 

 

 

If you need to memorize something, e.g. a formula, a quotation, or a poem, do you ... A write it out several times? p.5

 

 

 

 

يفحَظ

mention (v)

 

 

 

مذكور .  above-mentioned

 سالف الذكر

What two rewards are mentioned?-stopping for a cup of coffee, or to listen to music… p.5

 

 

 

يذكر

 

mixture (n)

 

 

 

 

If you scored a mixture of As and Bs, like most people you probably learn through a mixture of styles. p.5

 

 

 

 

خليط

national (adj)

 

 

 

 

Both Sweden and France have a compulsory national curriculum. p.7

 

 

قومي

necessary (adj)

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Japanese and English education systems are similar in that it is necessary to take an exam to enter university however, p.9

 

 

ضروري . لازم

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

occur (v)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Underline words and phrases which occur frequently and are important to know. p.5

 

 

 

يحدث . يفع

previous (adj)

 

 

 

 

Last year more students chose to study sciences than in any previous year. p.11

 

 

سابق

realistic (adj)

 

 

 

 

Always set a realistic work target. p.5

 

Not realistic, fake, artificail

واقعي

relevant (adj)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Think about which parts of the text are relevant.

Concentrate on parts of the text which are relevant. p.6

 

 

 

متعلق بالموضوع

remain (v)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Students who remain in education can

choose to continue at their school for up to two years, or go to a special college. p.5

 

leave

يبقى

require (v)

 

 

 

 

Good results in these are required to go to

university. p.5

 

 

يحتاج الى .

يتطلب

significant (adj)

 

 

 

 

Although there are a number of significant differences between the systems, both countries share a commitment to high quality education for their young people. p.9

 

insignificant

ملحوظ .

ذو شأن

similar (adj)

 

 

 

 

The Japanese and English education systems are similar in that it is necessary to take an exam to enter university. p.9

 

different

متشابه

specialize (v)

 

 

 

 

Wherever they study, students specialize in three or four subjects, and there are further exams at the

age of 17 (AS Levels) and again at 18 (A Levels). p.6

 

 

يختص

 

specific (v)

 

 

 

 

Scan the text to find specific pieces of information: p.4

 

 

معين .

محدد

worthwhile (adj)

 

 

 

 

Worthwhile is an adjective meaning useful. p.4  It is, therefore, worthwhile spending time making notes and organizing them in a way that suits you best. p.5

 

useless

مفيد .

مستحق للجهد المبذول