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•The External Organizational Environment
•IT allows information to move faster, thus increasing the speed at which events take place and the pace at which individuals and organizations respond to events.
•Globalization
•Huge and everywhere
•Deregulation:
•More widespread in U.S. than anywhere else
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•The Internal Organizational Environment
•Outsourcing and Strategic Alliances
•Examining types of work that are to be done internally or by others
•The Demise of Hierarchy
•Hierarchical structures cannot cope with rapid change.
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nSoftware trends
1.Improve the productivity of in-house programmers who created transaction processing systems. 
2.Programming issues:
–Modular and structured programming techniques
–Life cycle development methodologies and software engineering
–Introduction of rigorous project management techniques, get users more involved in early stages of development.
nData Trends
–PCs: employees directly access corporate data.
–Distributing data from data resources to information resources
–Data management organizes internal facts into data record format.
–Information management, on the other hand, focuses in concepts, those ideas found in documents.
–Digitized media
–Managing the intellectual capital of the organization
–Knowledge management
nCommunications Trends
–Public & Private (intra-company)
–Telecom as an integral component of IS management
–Communications-based information systems link organizations to their suppliers and customers.
–Strategic advantage
–Enabler for distributing computing
–Shifted centered-computing to network-centric computing
The 1990s-Implement Vision 2000
Vision 2000
Mainframe would continue to be the best platform for large-volume transaction systems requiring massive computing power; could become an enterprise server; consistent with the adoption of an enterprise wide client/server application.
Integration of voice, image, and video at desktops; higher capacity networks are needed.
Unit costs of technology will continue to decline; overall IT usage at Mead would increase.
PCs present a hidden cost.
Technology advancements would increase; challenge is to balance the need for standards while keeping up with the pace of change.
The 1990s-Implement Vision 2000
Vision 2000
Mainframe would continue to be the best platform for large-volume transaction systems requiring massive computing power; could become an enterprise server; consistent with the adoption of an enterprise wide client/server application.
Integration of voice, image, and video at desktops; higher capacity networks are needed.
Unit costs of technology will continue to decline; overall IT usage at Mead would increase.
PCs present a hidden cost.
Technology advancements would increase; challenge is to balance the need for standards while keeping up with the pace of change.