Step # 1 - Determine the conceptual shape/design of the shaft
Step # 2 - Select Material for the Shaft
Assume the basic shaft diameters and make a first trial material selection for the shaft
Hint: For strength based designs, shafts having diameters less than 3.5" are usually made from a cold drawn steel in order to resist fatigue
Hence,
For D £ 3.5" Cold Drawn (CD) Material - better surface finish and easily machinable
For D ³ 3.5" Hot Rolled (HR) or preferably Quenched & Treated (Q&T) - generally rough surface but low cost
Step # 3 - Select safety factors for the design of each shaft
Basic Rules:
Safety Factor |
Condition/Case |
2 |
For ductile materials where a high level of confidence exists in the loads, material properties and operating conditions |
3 |
For brittle materials where a high level of confidence exists and operating conditions are well known |
3 |
For ductile materials with some doubt about the adequacy of material properties data, loads or the stress analysis |
4 |
For uncertain conditions about same combination of material properties, loads and the stress analysis |
Step # 4 - Calculate the torque and sketch torque diagram for the shaft
Using the following equation, calculate the torque of each shaft:
|
Where: P is power in HP n is speed in rpm |
Draw the torque diagram based upon the torque value(s)
Step # 5 - Determine the tangential and normal forces on each of the gears
Tangential Force:
Wt = T/(d/2) where d is the gears pitch diameter
Radial Force:
Wr = Wt (Tan F )
Where: F (Pressure angle) is 20°
T is torque
D is gear pitch diameter
Step # 6 - Perform a complete force analysis (x & y-direction) for the shaft and draw force diagrams showing all forces acting on the shaft and compute the bearing reactions at the bearing seat locations and select bearings
Resultant reaction at any point is given by:
Step # 7 - Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for the shafts, both in the vertical and horizontal planes and draw the resultant bending moment diagrams
Do the following for the shaft:
Step # 8 - Determine the basic shaft diameters using static analyses and rough assumptions
Do the following for the shaft:
Step # 9 - Determine the shaft diameters using fatigue analyses
Do the following for the shaft: