1. Discuss the compressional and shear waves in terms of: Elastic constants, propagation, particles motion, and velocities? (20 pts.)
2. How the compressional velocity changes with the fluid content, saturation, porosity, and sand/shale ratio? (20 pts.)
3. By using the simple geometry and simple math, derive the equation of the NMO correction? (20 pts.)
4. Calculate the reflection coefficients of the given sequence? (20 pts.)
5. Plot and explain the impedance and the reflection coefficient against the time? (20 pts.)

Velocity                      Thickness                   Lithology                    Density

      4.0 km/sec.            6.0 km             Clastics          2.60 gm/cm3

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      4.0 km/sec.            2.0 km             Rock Salt                  2.10 gm/cm3

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            5.0 km/sec.                        3.0 km                         Carbonate                   2.70 gm/cm3

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            4.50 km/sec.                        2.0 km                         Clastics                      2.65 gm/cm3

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            5.50 km/sec.                        40 km                          Basement                   2.90 gm/cm3

GOOD LUCK

Dr. Ali Al-Ghamdi