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| | Desc of Term3 |
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| | Desc of Term4xxx |
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| | Def of Macro |
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| %OUT |
| | The %OUT directive is used for displaying text on the screen. |
| .ERR |
| | When the assembler encounters the .ERR directive, it displayes the message "forced error", which indicates a fatal assembly error. |
| .LALL |
| | The .LALL is a macro list control directive that Enables listing of macro expansions. All source lines are listed, except those beginning with a double semicolon. |
| .LIST |
| | The .LIST directive allows listing of subsequent source lines in the .LST file. |
| .SALL |
| | The .SALL is a macro list control directive that Suppresses listing of all statements in macro expansions. |
| .XALL |
| | The .XALL is a macro list control directive that Lists only the source statements in a macro expansion that generate code or data. |
| .XLIST |
| | The .XLIST directive suppresses listing of subsequent source lines in the .LST file. |
| accumulator |
| | A register that can be used to hold an operand to an instruction as well as the result of executing the instruction |
| algorithm |
| | An abstract description of a solution to a problem represented by a sequence of steps. |
| ALU |
| | see Arithmetic and Logic Unit. |
| Arithmetic and Logic Unit |
| | A digital circuit in the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations. |
| Assembler |
| | A program that translates from assembly language to machine language. |
| assembly language |
| | A programming language that uses symbolic names to conveniently represent operations, registers and memory locations. Each assembly instruction corresponds to a machine instruction. |
| break points |
| | Positions in the program that if are encountered during run time, the program will be halted |
| bus |
| | A group of signals that interconnect several devices |
| Central Processing Unit |
| | The data path combined with the control unit of a computer. |
| CISC |
| | A complex instruction set computer (a computer with large number of instructions that are generally capable of performing complex functions) |
| code segment |
| | The memory segment that contains the code part of the program |
| compiler |
| | A program that translates a HLL program to a machine language program of a specific computer. |
| control flags |
| | Enable or disable certain CPU operations |
| control unit |
| | The unit that controls and coordinates the opration of other units in the computer. |
| CPU |
| | see Central Processing Unit. |
| data path |
| | The ALU and the registers of the computer. |
| data segment |
| | The memory segment that contains the data part of the program |
| Debugger |
| | A program that enables the user to find errors in their assembly code |
| digital systems |
| | A group of components, in this case digital circuits or blocks, that are integrated together to achieve a certain function. |
| digitized information |
| | Information that are made of discrete units, where each unit is represented by symbols from a finite possible set of symbols. In computers, that set is usually the binary digits, 0 and 1. |
| disassembly |
| | The process of converting machine code to assembly language code |
| Emulators |
| | Programs that ‘emulate’ a hardware by producing its expected outputs in response to a given set of inputs |
| executable program |
| | A machine language program produced by a compiler or an assembler |
| EXITM |
| | The EXITM directive stops any macro expansion or repeat block expansion that is in progress. All remaining statements after EXITM are ignored. |
| flags |
| | Status bits that indicate the status of the CPU |
| high-level languages |
| | Computer programming languages that look like natural language text. |
| IF |
| | The IF directive assembles the then part if the expression evalues to true (nonzero). |
| IFB |
| | The IFB directive assembles the then part if the argument is blank. |
| IFDEF |
| | The IFDEF directive causes the conditional block of statements to be assembled if the symbol is defined. |
| IFDIF |
| | The IFDIF directive causes the condition block of statements to be assembled if the arguments are different character strings (case sensitive). |
| IFDIFI |
| | The IFDIFI directive causes the condition block of statements to be assembled if the arguments are different character strings (case insensitive). |
| IFE |
| | The IFE directive assembles the then part if the expression is false (zero). |
| IFIDN |
| | The IFIDN directive causes the condition block of statements to be assembled if the arguments are identical character strings (case sensitive). |
| IFIDNI |
| | The IFIDNI directive causes the condition block of statements to be assembled if the arguments are identical character strings (case insensitive). |
| IFNB |
| | The IFNB directive assembles the then part if the argument is not blank. |
| IFNDEF |
| | The IFNDEF directive causes the conditional block of statements to be assembled if the symbol is not defined. |
| INCLUDE |
| | The INCLUDE pseudo-op causes the assembler to copy the content of the included file into the program at the position of the INCLUDE statement. |
| input devices |
| | Devices that are used to enter information into the computer. |
| instruction |
| | a command that instructs the computer what to do. |
| Instruction Pointer |
| | Another name for the program counter register. |
| Instruction Register |
| | A register that stores the machine language instruction fetched from the memory. |
| instruction set |
| | The set of all instructions (in binary form) of the computer. |
| IRP |
| | The IRP directive causes the statements in the macro body to be repeated once for each argument. |
| IRPC |
| | The IRPC directive causes the statements in the macro body to be repeated once for each character in the string argument. |
| ISA |
| | (Instruction Set Architecture) The collection of assembly/machine instructions of the machine and the machine resources (memory, general purpose registers, …etc.) that can be managed with these instructions |
| Linker |
| | A program that is used to link together separately assembled/compiled programs into a single executable code. |
| Loaders |
| | Programs that are used to load users machine codes from a PC to development systems |
| LOCAL |
| | The LOCAL directive is provided by the assembler to declare labels in a macro local to that macro. |
| Logic analyzers |
| | Devices that allows the monitoring of logic signals |
| logical address |
| | An address that specifies the location of a word as segment number:offset within the segment |
| machine language |
| | The set of all instructions (in binary form) of the computer. |
| Macro |
| | A macro is a block of text (code, data, etc.) that has been given a name (called a macro name ). When the assembler encounters that name in a program, the block of text associated with the macro name is subsituted. |
| main memory |
| | The main memory device in the computer. Usually implemented by a RAM. |
| MAR |
| | A CPU register that holds the address of the required memory word |
| MDR |
| | A CPU register that holds the data word that is to be written to the memory or that have been fetched from the memory |
| memory |
| | A device that can store binary data and retrieve it for latter use. |
| memory segment |
| | A partition of the main memory |
| offsets |
| | Distances of a variable, label, or instruction from its base segment |
| Opcode |
| | (Operation code) An instruction field that specifies the particular operation that is to be performed by the instruction. |
| Operands |
| | Instruction fields that specify where to get the source and destination operands for the operation specified by the opcode. |
| output device |
| | Devices that are used to output information from the computer. |
| overflow |
| | A condition that occur when the result of adding two signed0numbers is larger than the destination (I.e. outside the range) |
| paragraph |
| | A group of 16 memory words |
| paragraph boundary |
| | Addresses that are divisible by 16 |
| parity bit |
| | A an extra bit that is added to the data to make the total number of 1s either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity) |
| peripheral devices |
| | The set of input and output devices of a computer. |
| physical address |
| | The actual address of a word in the main memory. It is a 20-bit address for original x86 processors and 32-bit address for IA32 processors |
| POPA |
| | The POPA instruction popes all registers (SP, BP, DI, SI, DX, CX, BX, and AX) from the stack. It is defined for 80186 or later processors. |
| program |
| | A set of instructions when executed by the computer achieve a specific function/outcome. |
| Program Counter |
| | (PC) A register that holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched from the memory. |
| PUSHA |
| | The PUSHA instruction pushes all registers (AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP, and SP) onto the stack. It is defined for 80186 or later processors. |
| register files |
| | A group of registers that are organized into a one-dimensional. |
| REPT |
| | The REPT directive causes the statements in the macro body to be repeated a number of times equivalent to the value of the specified expression. |
| RISC |
| | A reduced instruction set computer (a computer with fewere and simpler instructions) |
| Sign-Extension |
| | Moving a signed-number from one location to another with larger number of bits while keeping both magnitude and sign correct |
| stack |
| | A special memory buffer outside the CPU maintained by the CPU as a temporary holding area for addresses and data. It is organised as Last-in-First-out (LIFO) buffer. |
| stack segment |
| | The memory segment that contains the stack |
| status flags |
| | Reflect the result of executing an instruction |
| stored program |
| | A program that is stored in the memory so that it can be used repeatedly, manipulated, moved, deleted or have more instructions appended to it. |
| Substitute operator (&) |
| | The substitute operator (&) forces the assembler to substitute a parameter with the actual argument. |
| TYPE |
| | The TYPE operator returns the number of bytes reserved for the operand in memory. |
| WHILE |
| | The WHILE directive causes the statments in the macro body to be repeated until the specified expression evaluates to false (zero).
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